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Spur-winged goose
The spur-winged goose (''Plectropterus gambensis'') is a large bird in the family Anatidae, related to the geese and the shelducks, but distinct from both of these in a number of anatomical features, and therefore treated in its own subfamily, the Plectropterinae. It occurs in wetlands throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
==Description==
Adults are long and weigh on average , rarely up to , with males noticeably larger than the females. The wingspan can range from .〔Ogilvie & Young, ''Wildfowl of the World''. New Holland Publishers (2004), ISBN 978-1-84330-328-2〕 One source claims the average weight of males is around and the weight of females is around . However, 11 geese of this species banded in South Africa were found to average only , with a range of .〔''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, 2nd Edition'' by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (2008), ISBN 978-1-4200-6444-5.〕 Another study in South Africa found that 58 males weighed an average of and measured in total length; while 34 females averaged in weight and in total length.〔Halse, S. A., & Skead, D. M. (1983). ''Wing moult, body measurements and condition indices of spur-winged geese''. Wildfowl, 34(34), 108-114.〕 Among standard measurements, the wing chord is , the bill is and the tarsus is .〔 They are the largest African waterfowl and are, on average, the world's largest wild "goose", although in average weight, their size is at least rivaled by the Cape Barren goose.〔 Spur-winged geese appear to be more closely allied to shelducks than "true geese" such as those from the ''Branta'' and ''Anser'' genera. They are mainly black, with a white face and large white wing patches. The long legs are flesh-coloured. The nominate race ''P. g. gambensis'' has extensive white on the belly and flanks, but the smaller-bodied subspecies ''P. g. niger'', which occurs south of the Zambezi River, has only a small white belly patch.〔〔 From a distance, ''P. g. niger'' can appear to be all black.〔
The male differs from the female, not only in size, but also in having a larger red facial patch extending back from the red bill, and a knob at the base of the upper mandible.〔 This is generally a quiet species. Typically, only males make a call, which consists of a soft bubbling ''cherwit'' when taking wing or alarmed. During breeding displays or in instances of alarm, both sexes may utter other inconspicuous calls.〔
This bird is often poisonous due to its diet of blister beetles. The poison, cantharidin, is held within the tissue of the fowl resulting in poisoning of those that eat the cooked goose. 10 mg of cantharidin can kill a human.〔http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/preview-2014/files/assets/basic-html/page4.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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